Nighttime operations introduce several unique concerns that pilots and ATC must address:

• Terrain Awareness: Dark conditions can obscure terrain features, increasing the risk of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). 
• Weather Conditions: Nighttime weather can be unpredictable and challenging to assess visually. Pilots must rely on accurate weather forecasts and real-time weather updates from ATC. Icing, fog, and low visibility are particular concerns at night.
• Lighting Limitations: Limited ground lighting can make it difficult to identify landmarks and airports. Pilots must carefully plan their routes and rely on instrument approaches when necessary. Airport lighting systems, and their status, must be verified before flight.
• Physiological Challenges: Night vision is significantly reduced, and fatigue can set in more quickly at night. Pilots must prioritize adequate rest and utilize techniques to maintain night vision.
• Wildlife: Nighttime animal activity increases the chance of wildlife strikes, especially near airports both on the ground and inflight.